Family System Theory Essay Example for Free

Family System Theory Essay In my attempt to outline a family seeking therapy for domestic violence using the Family Systems Theory, I will first give a detailed account of the family history, and then embark on the problem before tackling the intervention strategy. Family History John married Jane 20 years ago.   At the time of their marriage, John had a well paying job which could support his nuclear family as well as his parents.   Johns parents were peasant farmers who actually had sold everything they had in order to pay Johns school fees.    Johns parents had placed a lot of hope in him before he contracted this marriage. This fact led them to discourage John from marrying Jane since they considered that John having spent the family resources in his education, he had every reason first to pay school fees for his young brothers.   To avoid clashing with his parents, John promised to handle both responsibilities (that is, caring for the younger siblings and his wife).   After lengthy deliberations the parents submitted to his observations and allowed him to go forward and marry Jane. On the other hand, Jane at the time of marriage was employed as a sales girl and earned amount that could see her through most of her needs.   Jane appeared to be a self styled lady depicting a lot of wealth.   Even though Janes parents were notoriously religious, Jane had an out of wedlock child which she was caring at her parents. This issue was however unknown to John. Jane did not bother or she ignored to disclose to John about this issue.   John only happened to know about the kid a few weeks to their wedding day.   This did not detract John from marrying her fiancà ©e. Jane was the last born in a family of six children, 3 girls and 3 boys.   Her parents were wealthy and of middle social standing.   This family not only was it capable of meeting basic needs but also some luxuries.   Her elder brothers were all married and comfortably settled down.   The two elder girls were also married to wealthy husbands who owned some assortments of luxurious properties including several vehicles.   Unlike Johns family, Janes family was in actual fact composed of well to do family members. It is important to note that Janes educational background was not pleasing as she had dropped out of school when she contracted her first pregnancy.   John however, had knowledge of her lovers, educational background and seemed to be contended with the situation.   At first, when Jane highlighted to her parents about her future prospects, they at first disapproved the marriage on the grounds that John could afterwards ditch her due to her first child or due to her educational standards.   Jane succeeded to bargain for blessing of the marriage through cheating her parents that John was aware of everything, thus there was no cause of worry. The Problem As noted earlier, few days after John married Jane, there was a misunderstanding over the first issue as John demanded an apology from Jane for failing to disclose fully her status.   This time the marriage was saved by the intervention of Johns parents who pleaded with him to shelve the matter and love his wife as before. Joy returned to these couples and within a period of 10 years, they had 3 more children inside the wedlock.   John managed to convince Jane to leave her job so as to concentrate with family matters, which included taking care of the children among others. This move however, was viewed by Johns in-laws negatively as they considered Johns salary to be insufficient.   They also had negative thoughts about the future status of their daughters marriage, as they had conviction that John would one day ditch Jane.   They rebuked Jane for being seduced to terminate her employment. During the 15 years into marriage, John was suspended from his employment under very queer circumstances.   What happened is that John, while supposed to be on duty, had that day requested a fellow workmate to play his part, while he attended to some family issues. Unfortunately, the same day, there occurred some robbery at his place of work and more particularly involving his department.   This called for his suspension pending investigation that was followed by his dismissal without terminal benefits. Upon dismissal John and his family moved to there rural home. Coping with life was not easy as the family had to readjust and face some of the realities of life. The family was in total economic disrepair and john for the sake of saving the situation sold most of his rag-tag assets. However the going was not smooth as these did not last the family for a ling time. As a way of escaping realities of life, John started to drink. This only served the purpose of increasing his problems. Upon being confronted by her wife he resorted to abusive language. The problem facing the family now is that as a result of John’s change of behavior Jane’s parents are blaming her for failing to listen to their instructions in the first place. Even though they have secured Jane something to see the family through basic needs, they are threatening to withhold the same if she keeps on sticking to this doomed marriage. On the other hand John’s children seem to be suffering from emotional distress due to the misunderstanding pitying the parents. The out of wed-lock daughter is considering that their father is battering her mother due to her presence in the family. John seems to be sinking deep and deeper in drug and substance abuse. He abuses his children through neglect as well as physically associating them. John’s parents seem to suggest that John made a mistake in marrying Jane for reasons which are not clear. The family is about to break-down as john is engaged in all manner of domestic violence. Sometime when drunk he raises the subject of the first daughter, a topic that Jane considers to have been dealt with in the past. He also sees Jane’s parents to be the source of all his problems as he associates them with wealthy bureaucrats who are out to play down his marriage. There is total communication breakdown in John’s family as well as between the extended family (in-laws). The family with the aid of a Good Samaritan is now seeking therapy. Remember Jane is cursing herself for having disrespectful to her parent’s advice. The same thing is also happening to John. This culminates into the children loosing hope. Therapy The therapy required here should encompass all the members of the nuclear as well as the extended family. First it is important to evaluate the family through scheduling interviews that involves with some members of this immediate family. This interview should include children as well as two significant members of the extended family. There is a need for the therapist to be a man and woman as to treat gender related issues on top of serving as role models for the family. The therapy being based on the family systems theory the family should be regarded wholly as being the unit of treatment. Therefore emphasis should be placed on communication processes. John’s family should be analyzed first. Therapist’s comments and remarks should be structured in a manner likely to help family members become more conscious of patterns or structures that had been previously ignored. Sessions should be structured in a way that members of the extended family can, eat together, so as to afford the most required ingredient of family to succeed-communication. By the end of the therapy members of this family including the IP (Identified Patient) should be seen to differentiate. Reference Nichols, M.P. Schwartz, R.C. (2006). Recent Developments in Family Therapy: Integrative Models; in Family therapy: concepts and methods. 7th Ed. Boston: Pearson/Allyn Bacon.

Rap as a language Essay examples -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since its start in the music industry around nineteen eighty-eight rap music has always been under a lot of scrutiny for its lyrics and messages that it portrays. Rap music has a long history starting back to the days of slavery and has come a long way since then bridging gaps between all genres of music including jazz, blues, and basic drum beats. When hip hop first came about its message was simple. It was groups of black men who described the life they were living in the ghettos all over the world. They felt helpless and viewed the government in a very strong negative way based on the lack of help African American’s were given in the contexts of housing, education, and living. As rap music developed and more artists started bringing their own styles to the hip hop community more messages were being brought. Hip hop as a culture was formed on the political views of many black gang bangers who society cast aside and never thought would even be able to have political thoughts. In the mid nineties rap changed in a way that surprised many by having female artists come onto the scene. They were usually portrayed in a degrading manner by male artists in their lyrics and videos, but now women came forward and described themselves as sexual beings and how they have power over men based on their sexuality. Many critics have taken these stances that rap artists take and speculated over whether or not they convey a positive or negative message. Many view that the lyrics and videos provide children with the wrong idea and are the reason for sex at younger ages, and STD’s being at an all time high. Rap is not responsible for the actions of young adults and music has always been a scapegoat for parents since the days of Elvis, and KISS. Rap is like all other genres of music in the sense that it is a statement. During times of war artists criticized presidential actions and sang about peace. Rap is a declaration of life for black men and qu estions the politics involved in their lifestyles and for women it is a way to express themselves as powerful independent beings because of their sexuality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stereotypes are often placed into the minds of many people in the general public based on fixed images set in the minds of many MTV viewers. This has always been the case with generational music culture to fight for mor... ...in the ghettos of the world. He claims that rap is a political stance and a language that is powerful in its ability to create movement and progress in the minds of its audience. This helps my argument because this is exactly what I want to argue. It gives crucial examples of how and why rap music can stand alone as its own well educated language. Rose, Tricia. â€Å"Fear of a Black Planet†: Rap Music and Black Cultural Politics in the 1990’s. The Journal of Negro Education vol. 60 (1991) 276-290. Rose argues that hip hop music in the 1990’s when it really began to make a name for itself came out with bang that seemed to slap many unsuspecting people in the face with its crude lyrics and â€Å"I don’t care† mentality. She gives quotes and respect to many groups of that time such as NWA and Public Enemy who gave face to the up rise of gangster rap and gave a window into the lives that black men and women where actually living. This helps my argument because I mainly was going to quote lyrics from the 1990’s because that was when rap was most political. I am however going to quote some more recent rappers such as Eminem to show how that decade has still rolled over to today’s generation.

Novel Nicholas Nickleby Essay

Mr Squeers is one of Charles Dickens’ very vivid characters and one that plays an important role in the novel Nicholas Nickleby. He is owner and headmaster of Dotheboys Hall which is set in Greta Bridge in Yorkshire. Dotheboys Hall is a boarding school for disabled and illegitimate children. It is an all-boys school and Mr Squeers runs the school with extreme cruelty together with his wife, who is equally cruel. The children are sent there because they are disabled in some way and their families did not want them. Mr Squeers has very cunning ways and his only aims are to benefit himself. His main aim is to make money and he does this very well by being sneaky and taking short-cuts in the keeping of his school. He tries to put as little money as possible to Dotheboys Hall whilst getting as much money out as possible. Another of his objectives is to have the instant obedience that he desires. He wants a school where he has ultimate power over the boys so that when he asks something of them they do it immediately – with no question. He tries to obtain this instant obedience in school by regularly beating the boys with a cane. Mr Squeers sees his school more as a business than a school-learning environment. â€Å"This is our shop, Nickleby†. This quote shows that he is treating the school as a business because his primary objective is to make money. He does not really care about the boys’ education, just as long as he turns over a nice profit. As Mr Squeers is owner of Dotheboys Hall he decides how to teach the boys or not, as the case may be. Mr and Mrs Squeers deeply dislike all of the boys in their school, except their own children. In fact they perceive the boys as â€Å"their natural enemies†. Clearly, if they see the boys like this then they are not fit to run a school but as it is their own school, they can do as they like. Mr and Mrs Squeers both hate the boys. â€Å"The only difference between them is that Mrs Squeers wages war against the boys openly whilst Mr Squeers tries to cover his rascality†. I think Mr Squeers tries to cover his rascality because he knows that he is not treating the boys very well and should not be doing this. However, don’t be fooled! Mr Squeers hates the boys as much as his wife but Mrs Squeers doesn’t really look for an excuse to beat them – she just enjoys doing it. All of the boys at Dotheboys Hall are terrified of Mr and Mrs Squeers and live in fear of the dreaded cane which they both use to mercilessly beat them. At the Hall, the boys don’t get much freedom and think what they are told to think. They dare not argue or answer back to Mr Squeers as they are kept too weak and undernourished. It is clear that the boys are scared of him because of the amount of times and the violent manner in which Mr Squeers uses the cane.

National Culture Essay

In other words, although the concept of â€Å"nation† unfairly characterizes colonized subjects as istorically unified in their primitiveness or exoticness, the term’s promise of solidarity and unity often proves helpful nonetheless In their attempts at political amelioration. Fanon encourages a materialist conceptualization of the nation that is based not so much on collective cultural traditions or ancestor-worship as political agency and the collective attempt to dismantle the economic foundations of colonial rule. Colonialism, as Fanon argues, not only physically disarms the colonized subject but robs her ofa â€Å"pre-colonial† cultural heritage. And yet, if colonialism in this sense alvanizes the native intellectual to â€Å"renew contact once more with the oldest and most pre-colonial spring of life of their people,† Fanon is careful to point out that these attempts at recovering national continuity throughout history are often contrived and ultimately self-defeating. l am ready to concede,† he admits, â€Å"that on the plane of factual being the past existence of an Aztec civilization does not change anything very much in the diet of the Mexican peasant of today. † In the passage below, Fanon explains that â€Å"national identity only carries meaning insofar as it eflects the combined revoluuonary efforts of an oppressed people aiming at collective liberation: A national culture is not a folklore, not an abstract populism that believes It can discover the people ’s true nature. It Is not made up of the Inert dregs of gratuitous actions, that is to say actions which are less and less attached to the ever-present reality of the people. A national culture is the whole body of efforts made by a people in the sphere of thought to describe, Justify, and praise the action through which that people has created Itself and keeps Itself In existence. Muhammad Slbtaln Haider 11-12-2013 National Culture By sibtainJaf because it re-inscribes an essentialist, totalizing, fetishized, often middle-class solidarity and unity often proves helpful nonetheless in their attempts at political but robs her of a â€Å"pre-colonial† cultural heritage. And yet, if colonialism in this sense below, Fanon explains that â€Å"national identity† only carries meaning insofar as it reflects the combined revolutionary efforts of an oppressed people aiming at believes it can discover the people’s true nature. It is not made up of the inert dregs through which that people has created itself and keeps itself in existence. Muhammad Sibtain Haider

8 Simple Rules for Russian Verb Conjugation

8 Simple Rules for Russian Verb Conjugation Russian verbs change according to their tense, person, and number. This guide to Russian verb conjugation provides basic rules for conjugating regular verbs in the present tense. The Russian present tense is simpler than the English present tense, as there is only one present tense verb form. To illustrate this point, consider the sentence Ã'  Ã'‡Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð °Ã'Ž. This statement can mean I read, I have been reading, or I am reading. Thanks to this simplified present tense, basic verb conjugation in Russian is easier than you might expect. Follow these eight steps to begin conjugating Russian verbs. Rule 1: Russian Verb Forms Russian verbs have six forms in the present tense: 1st person, 2nd person, and 3rd person, all of which can be singular or plural. The verb ending tells us the point of view (1st, 2nd, or 3rd) and the number (singular/plural) of the verb. Rule 2: Verb Conjugation Groups There are two groups of verb conjugation in Russian: first conjugation and second conjugation. First conjugation verbs have the endings -Ã'Æ' (-Ã'Ž),  -Ð µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' (-Ã'‘Ã'ˆÃ'Å'),  -Ð µÃ'‚ (-Ã'‘Ã'‚),  -Ð µÃ ¼ (-Ã'‘Ð ¼),  -Ð µÃ'‚Ð µ (-Ã'‘Ã'‚Ð µ), and -Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ (-Ã'ŽÃ'‚). Second conjugation verbs have the endings -Ã'Æ' (-Ã'Ž),  -Ð ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å',  -Ð ¸Ã'‚,  -Ð ¸Ã ¼,  -Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µ,  -Ð °Ã'‚ (-Ã' Ã'‚).   Rule 3: How to Check a Conjugation Group There are two ways to determine a verbs conjugation group. First, look at the personal ending if it is under stress: Ð ¿Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å' – Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã'‘Ã'ˆÃ'Å', Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã'‘Ã'‚, Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã'ŽÃ'‚ (first conjugation)Ð ³Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å' – Ð ³Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å', Ð ³Ã'€Ð µÃ ¼Ã ¸Ã'‚ (second conjugation) Second, if the personal ending is not stressed, look at the suffix before the ending -Ã'‚Ã'Å' in the infinitive form of the verb and follow these steps. Put the verb in its infinitive, e.g. Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ'‚ - Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å'Check which vowel comes before the ending -Ã'‚Ã'Å'. For example: in Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å', it is Ã' .Use these rules to determine whether the verb is first or second conjugation. Rule 4: Endings in Second Conjugation Verbs Second conjugation verbs are: All verbs ending in -Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å' in their infinitive form (exceptions: Ð ±Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ã' Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å')7 verbs ending with -Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å': Ã' Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ½Ã µÃ ½Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ·Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã' Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€Ð ¿Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å'4 verbs ending with -Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å': Ã' Ã »Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ³Ã ½Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ´Ã µÃ'€Ð ¶Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å'All derivatives of these verbs, e.g. Ð ¿Ã µÃ'€Ð µÃ ³Ã ½Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ¿Ã'€Ð ¾Ã' Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å' Rule 5: Endings in First Conjugation Verbs First Conjugation verbs are those that in their infinitive form end in -Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å', -Ð °Ã'‚Ã'Å', -Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å', -Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã'Å', -Ã'Æ'Ã'‚Ã'Å', -Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'Å'. Rule 6: How to Remember The Correct Conjugation Group Heres a helpful poem to remember which verbs are in the second conjugation group. КÐ ¾ Ð ²Ã'‚Ð ¾Ã'€Ð ¾Ã ¼Ã'Æ' Ð ¶Ã µ Ã' Ã ¿Ã'€Ã' Ã ¶Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã'ŽÐžÃ'‚Ð ½Ã µÃ' Ã µÃ ¼ Ð ¼Ã'‹ Ð ±Ã µÃ · Ã' Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ½Ã µÃ ½Ã'Å'Ã' Ãâ€™Ã' Ã µ Ð ³Ã »Ã °Ã ³Ã ¾Ã »Ã'‹, Ã'‡Ã'‚Ð ¾ Ð ½Ã ° –Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å',ИÃ' Ã ºÃ »Ã'ŽÃ'‡Ð °Ã'  Ð ±Ã'€Ð ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ã' Ã'‚Ð µÃ »Ã ¸Ã'‚Ã'Å',Ð  Ð µÃ'‰Ð µ: Ã' Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‚Ã'€Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ¾Ã ±Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ã' Ã »Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ½Ã µÃ ½Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å',Ð ³Ã ½Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ð ´Ã µÃ'€Ð ¶Ã °Ã'‚Ã'Å', Ã'‚Ð µÃ'€Ð ¿Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å',Ð ¸ Ð ·Ã °Ã ²Ã ¸Ã' Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å', Ð ¸ Ð ²Ã µÃ'€Ã'‚Ð µÃ'‚Ã'Å'. Rule 7: Finding The Stem To find the stem of a verb, take away the last letter from the first person singular form of the verb (Ã' ). For example, Ã'  Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'Ž becomes Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' . Next, take off the last three letters the ending from the second person singular form of the verb (Ã'‚Ã'‹). For example, Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' becomes Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' . Finally, compare the two results. If they are the same, either result is the stem. If they are not the same, then the second result is the stem. Rule 8: Attaching The Ending Take the stem of your verb (Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' ) and find the correct ending based on the verbs conjugation group. If it is a first conjugation verb, use the endings -Ã'Æ' (-Ã'Ž),  -Ð µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' (-Ã'‘Ã'ˆÃ'Å'),  -Ð µÃ'‚ (-Ã'‘Ã'‚),  -Ð µÃ ¼ (-Ã'‘Ð ¼),  -Ð µÃ'‚Ð µ (-Ã'‘Ã'‚Ð µ), and -Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ (-Ã'ŽÃ'‚). If it is a second conjugation verb, use the endings -Ã'Æ' (-Ã'Ž),  -Ð ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å',  -Ð ¸Ã'‚,  -Ð ¸Ã ¼,  -Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µ,  -Ð °Ã'‚ (-Ã' Ã'‚). Exceptions Some verbs are conjugated with endings from both the first and the second conjugation forms. For example: Ã'  Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‡Ã'Æ' (ya khaCHOO) - I wantÃ'‚Ã'‹ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' (ty KHOchysh) - you wantÐ ¾Ã ½ / Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‡Ð µÃ'‚ (on / aNA KHOchyt) - he / she wantsÐ ¼Ã'‹ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã ¼ (my khaTEEM) - we wantÐ ²Ã'‹ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‚Ð ¸Ã'‚Ð µ (vy khaTEEty) - you wantÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ã'…Ð ¾Ã'‚Ã' Ã'‚ (aNEE khaTYAT) - they want Ã'  Ð ±Ã µÃ ³Ã'Æ' (ya byeGOO) - I am running / I runÃ'‚Ã'‹ Ð ±Ã µÃ ¶Ã ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å' (ty byeZHYSH) - you (singular / familiar) are running / you runÐ ¾Ã ½ / Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° Ð ±Ã µÃ ¶Ã ¸Ã'‚ (on / aNA byZHYT) - he / she is running / he / she runsÐ ¼Ã'‹ Ð ±Ã µÃ ¶Ã ¸Ã ¼ (my byZHYM) - we are running / we runÐ ²Ã'‹ Ð ±Ã µÃ ¶Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ (vy byZHYty) - you (plural) are running / you runÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ±Ã µÃ ³Ã'Æ'Ã'‚ (aNEE byGOOT) - they are running / they run First Conjugation Example Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'‚Ã'Å' (gooLYAT) - to walk, to strollÐ ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã'  - the verbs stem Ã'  Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'Ž (ya gooLYAyu) - I am walking / I walkÃ'‚Ã'‹ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ'ˆÃ'Å' (ty gooLYAysh) - you (singular / familiar) are walking / you walkÐ ¾Ã ½/Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ'‚ (on/aNA gooLYAyt) - he / she is walking / he/ she walksÐ ¼Ã'‹ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ ¼ (my gooLYAyim) - we are walking / we walkÐ ²Ã'‹ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã µÃ'‚Ð µ (vy gooLYAytye) - you (plural) are walking / you walkÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ³Ã'Æ'Ð »Ã' Ã'ŽÃ'‚ (aNEE gooLYAyut) - they are walking / they walk Second Conjugation Examples Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚Ã'Å' (dySHAT) - to breatheÐ ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆ - the verbs stem Ã'  Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÃ'Æ' (ya dySHOO) - I am breathing / I breatheÃ'‚Ã'‹ Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å' (ty DYshysh) - you (singular / familiar) are breathing / you breatheÐ ¾Ã ½/Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã'‚ (on / aNA DYshyt) - he / she is breathing / he / she breathesÐ ¼Ã'‹ Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã ¼ (my DYshym) - we are breathing / we breatheÐ ²Ã'‹ Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ ¸Ã'‚Ð µ (vy DYshytye) - you (plural) are breathing / you breatheÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ´Ã'‹Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'‚ (aNEE DYshut) - they are breathing / they breathe Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã µÃ'‚Ã'Å' (VEEdyt) - to seeÐ ²Ã ¸Ã ´ - the verbs stem Ã'  Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ¶Ã'Æ' (ya VEEzhoo) - I am seeing / I see*Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'ˆÃ'Å' - you (singular / familiar) are seeing/ you seeÐ ¾Ã ½ / Ð ¾Ã ½Ã ° Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚ - he / she is seeing / he / she seesÐ ¼Ã'‹ Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã ¸Ã ¼ - we are seeing / we seeÐ ²Ã'‹ Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã ¸Ã'‚Ð µ - you (plural) are seeing / you seeÐ ¾Ã ½Ã ¸ Ð ²Ã ¸Ã ´Ã' Ã'‚ - they are seeing / they see (*Please note that in some verbs, consonants positioned before the personal endings can change. Here, Ð ´ changes to Ð ¶ in first person singular.)

Brand audit of cadbury dairy milk

The journey of Cadbury started way back in the year 1905 from Bourneville, UK. But it came to Indian market in 1948. From the time it was introduced in India, Dairy Milk has been the market leader in the confectionery segment. It has average daily sales of 1 Million bars. The reason that our group chose Cadbury Dairy Milk for the Brand Audit is that it provides us with ample scope to study the various aspects of Branding like Communication Strategies, Innovative Ad Campaigns, and Emotional Connect with Consumers, Brand Repositioning, and Rebranding etc†¦ We will study the evolution of Cadbury Dairy Milk by focusing on following Aspects: In 1824, John Cadbury opened a shop in Birmingham. This one-man business, trading mainly in Tea Coffee was to be the foundation of Cadbury Limited. For over 100 years Cadbury was a family business. In 1943 non family directors were appointed. In 1847, the enterprise had prospered to a large factory in Bridge Street, Birmingham. John Cadbury took his brother Benjamin into partnership and the family business became Cadbury Brothers Birmingham. The business moved to Bourneville after outgrowing the Bridge Street Factory. The Workforce had risen up to 200 after 32 years at Bridge Street. After the death of two brothers in 1899, the company was privatized. It entered the era of scientific management; it introduced new ideas for their department like: On 2nd February, Kraft Foods took over 71% shares of Cadbury. They acquired it totally. But still Cadbury was on top in the market. This acquisition did not changed people’s mind and their craze for Cadbury Dairy Milk. OPERATIONS Cadbury’s operations are carried out in many countries. Few of them are: BRAND ELEMENTS Dairy Milk has been meticulously built around the world by Cadbury. It has been able to sustain a strong position in the market. There are many branding elements which have resulted into consistent result of its success. Few core Branding Elements are as given below: Not only the above three, But there are many more elements due to which the consistent Branding of Dairy Milk is so very popular. Its different Advertisements, its punch lines etc†¦ It has always kept a strong association with Milk, with slogans such as â€Å"a glass and half of full cream milk in every half pound. And also advertisement which featured a glass of milk pouring out and forming the Dairy Milk bar. Also the ad campaigns are also the important element of Dairy Milk. It made chocolate an eating habit among the consumers, especially the adults. Long back it was a belief that chocolate is only for kids. But Dairy Milk changed this belief. Also they changed the trend of Sweets (Mithai) during the occasions like Diwali, New Year etc†¦ Dairy Milk brought a new trend that whether any occasion, Dairy Milk is best for all. It also gave some famous dialogues from the ads which people remember always. They were also the core brand elements of Dairy Milk. Let us see them below: All these above dialogues were form the very famous and popular ad’s of Dairy Milk. By this ad they wanted to covey to the people that for eating Dairy Milk they do not have to wait for any occasion. They can just have it. Whether they are happy or Sad, But Dairy Milk can be taken in any of the mood. BRAND PORTFOLIO Worldwide In June 1905, Cadbury launched its first Dairy Milk bar, with a higher proportion of milk and it became the best selling product of the company by 1913. Fruit and Nut was introduced in 1928. In 2003, Cadbury made Dairy Milk into a family brand by taking the brands like Caramel, Whole Nut, and Wispa and marketed them as the sub-brands of Dairy Milk. By 2006, there were 15 Dairy Milk sub-brands produced in UK including Shortcake Biscuit, Wafer, Orange Chips, Mint Chips, Crispies and Cream Egg. In following two years these brands were discontinued as they were not successful. Indian Market The Dairy Milk Brand alone accounts for approximately 33% of total Cadbury’s sales. It has made Cadbury the number one confectionery brand in the market. Currently in India, Dairy Milk has following sub-brands under its name. They are; BRAND POSITIONING The Brand Positioning of Cadbury Dairy Milk in mid 90’s was that chocolate is not only for kids but also for adults. And to prove this they immediately released the very popular† Real Taste of Life† campaign , shifting the focus from â€Å"just for kids† to â€Å" kid in all of us†. Let us see the Brand Positioning of Dairy Milk on segmentation bases on two main bases. And they are: Demographic Dairy Milk silk is little higher in cost compared to ordinary Dairy Milk, Fruit and Nut and Crackle. But still people love to have Dairy Milk. Silk is the premium Brand of Dairy Milk Behavioral As we know that Dairy Milk is the only Brand who is the only one to promote chocolate as an important part of Festivals as well as it changed the mind sets of the people that chocolate is not only for kids but for all. The strategy to target adults was taken further with the help of a brand new positioning â€Å"Kuch Meetha Ho Jaye†. For Indians occasions and festivals have utmost importance and Dairy Milk rigorously focused on this point and set a new trend of having Dairy Milk in place of â€Å"Mithai† during the occasions. COMMUNICATION STRATEGY Up to 2002, Cadbury was the one having 70 % market shares in chocolate industry. Out of which 30% was the Dairy Milk alone. This is because of constant re-invention of the brand bombarding communication towards the consumers consistently to maintain the top position in mind recall in confectionery segment. Dairy Milk was awarded as No. 1 most trusted brand in Mumbai 2005 for the edition of Brand Equity’s most trusted Brand Survey. Dairy Milk targeted all the aspects as possible to get into the heart of all the people, of all age groups. For this they communicated with people through different Ad’s Campaigns. Let us see few of them below: Shubh Aarambh was one of successful campaigns of Dairy Milk. This means Auspicious Beginning. With this campaign they said that for whatever you start, start it with Dairy Milk and it will be successful. For this they chose the best to advertise: Amitabh Bacchhan. Tools for Communication Dairy Milk used different media options to communicate different campaigns and promote Dairy milk. They are: TV Advertisements is the most popular method for Dairy Milk to show their new campaigns to people so that they can more and more relate it with their personal lives. They also have ground promotions in different malls. They arrange some contests also to promote their brand. DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY As we know that Dairy Milk holds 30% value share of chocolate market. The demand of chocolate is increasing day by day. And Dairy Milk is no. 1 in that race. Indian market specifically where the penetration of chocolates is increasing, brings a need for efficiency in logistics and distribution. There is stiff competition in the confectionery market due to large exposure of foreign currency rate risk, mainly on account of import of cocoa beans, cocoa butter. Cadbury Dairy Milk is easily available anywhere in the market. Cadbury’s success of proper distribution is their efficiency. PRICING STRATEGY Dairy Milk is positioned towards age group of 4-50, and thus the price is accordingly kept affordable. Also it is easily accessible to all categories. Price range starts from Rs. 5 to Rs. 20 in different sizes. Cadbury Dairy Milk fruit and nut starts from Rs. 30. Dairy Milk Silk is a premium brand and thus the price of it is little higher that is Rs. 50. COMPETITOR’S ANALYSIS In Indian Market, the main players in the confectionery market are Cadbury, Nestle, Candico, ITC and Parle. Let us see the competitors of Cadbury Dairy Milk in detail below Company Founded in Brand Portfolio Kraft Foods 1903 Cadbury Dairy Milk Variants, Eclairs, Bourn vita etc†¦ Nestle 1860 Kitkat, Smarties Ferrero 1940 Rocher, Raffaelo, Nutella Amul 1945 Milk Chocolate, Fruit and Nut chocolate Candico 1997 Loco Poco Gum, Big Bubble ITC 2002(Confectionery Segment) Minto and Candy man Parle 1929 Melody, Mango Bite, Poppins, Kismi, Orange Candy POINT OF PARITY (POP) POINT OF DIFFERENCE (POD) POP’s POD’s OF CADBURY DAIRY MILK Point of Parity Point of Difference Chocolate manufacturing Legacy Goodwill Variants such as Fruit Nut, Dark Chocolate Emotional connect with customers Constant innovation in ads Generic name in Indian chocolate market Good quality products Campaigns targeting from kids to adults Association with milk Excellent distribution systems 2 Layer packaging Dairy Milk is the only one chocolate which says that in occasions also it can be used as sweet. BRAND EXPLORATORY Customer Knowledge Cadbury dairy Milk has been trying to get out of the image of† Just another chocolate† and become something special in the minds of the people. They have also been trying to position themselves as chocolates for all age groups and not just kids. The campaign has successfully created a picture in the mind of the customers that Cadbury is not just a chocolate but means of celebrations. Sources of Brand Equity There are two main sources of Brand Equity and they are: Based on various search results, Cadbury’s Dairy Milk not only enjoys high level of Brand Awareness but unaided Brand Recall. This level of recall is generated when Dairy Milk enjoys The Top of the Mind Effect. The Brand image of Cadbury Dairy Milk plays an important role in building the Brand Equity of Dairy Milk through the medium of unique brand associations. Right from Kuch Meetha Ho Jaye campaign to the recent Shubh Aarambh, Dairy Milk has managed to create strong, unique, and favorable brand associations in the minds of the consumers which is commendable. Brand Recall and Brand image are the strong supports that Dairy Milk has with its all time availability and attractive packaging which only adds to the Brand associations for the Dairy Milk and help build its Brand Equity. Two more important sources of Brand Equity are: \ BRAND AMBASSADORS As we know that previously Dairy Milk was only considered as Chocolate, but their new campaign has changed this perception of consumers. As discussed above now Dairy Milk is considered as Traditional sweet of Indian culture(Mithai) which people give to their near and dear ones on the occasions and now they use Dairy Milk as sweet(Mithai). Brand Ambassador chosen for Dairy Milk is none other than Megastar Amitabh Bacchhan. He endorsed the brand so successfully that everyone loved the brand much more than they did. The endorsement has successfully captured the Indian festivals like Rakshabandhan, Diwali, Wedding, Birthdays etc†¦ Now people give Dairy Milk as token of love, care and affection to their friends and family. DAIRY MILK MENTAL MAP These three form the mental map of Dairy Milk which associates with them the different aspects. Let us see them in detail: CBBE MODEL BRAND MANTRA OF DAIRY MILK SWOT ANALYSIS Strength Weakness Dairy milk is owned by Cadbury which is a globally established brand name known for its manufacturing competency and leadership in innovation. The recent acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft Foods may result in somewhat negative effect on the brand. Dairy Milk has been able to establish a clear and consistent Brand Image over the years. Dairy Milk is somewhat lacking in other emerging markets. It has strong command over its brand image in India and Europe But other places it is lacking. It offers quality product with innovations with crafted communication campaign Certain segment feel that price of Dairy Milk is high and compared to that Amul Milk chocolate is preferred. Dairy Milk has huge command over its distribution network spanning across India. Dairy Milk also enjoys a great Brand Recall value when comes to chocolates with Milk. Threats Opportunities Increasing competition from international brands is biggest threat to Dairy Milk To introduce sugar free category is biggest opportunity for Dairy Milk. Highly price sensitive nature of the industry. Dairy Milk can innovate more by bringing international flavors so that is also gets an opportunity to compete with this threat as well. BRAND STRATEGIES The marketing strategy that a business uses must reflect the objectives of the business as a whole. These strategies must therefore be consistent with the wider corporate objectives of the organization. Strategies are likely to be influenced by the attitudes of decision makers towards matters such as the desirability of risk and change. Such attitudes are influenced not only by the environment within which a business operates but also by the views of Managers and Directors and the culture of business itself. External influences also play a major role in any products advertising, its position in the market. They range from consumers to press and media, and also health and safety laws. PEST Analysis will more clearly throw light on external environment and global factors that may affect Dairy Milk’s Business. This will give a quick and visual representation of the external pressures facing the business and their possible constraints on strategy. PEST means: Political Factors Cadbury at the time of finalizing any marketing strategy will have to think of different political factors regionally, nationally and internationally.

Presentaion on the country Syria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Presentaion on the country Syria - Essay Example It is currently the liturgical language of many Syrian Christian denominations. However, most educated Syrians also speak French and English. The indigenous Christian Western-Aramaic speakers as well as Assyrians make up roughly 400,000 people. Most of them speak the Western Neo-Aramaic language. As for the deaf community, the sign language is used. Traditionally, men wear long gowns and women wear a long robe that only leaves their feet and hands exposed (Antoun 89). These dresses show little of the human skins something which is considered respectable. Music: Syria is one of the earliest centers of Christian hymnody and continues to be the liturgical music of various Syrian Christians. Damascus is among the Arab world centers for artistic innovation, particularly in the field of classical Arab music. Prominent musicians such as Asmahan, Lena Chamamyan, and Farid al-Atrash all come from Damascus (Salamandra 104). Aleppo city is known for its muwashshah; a form of Andalous poetry (Antoun 45). The muwashshah was popularized by stars like Sabah Fakri. It comprises of 5 stanzas that alternate in refrain with a running rhyme. Dance: As cited by Salamandra (103), the Syrian traditional art is manifested in dances like the Dabkeh, al-Samah, and sword dance. The Dabkeh is the national dance of Syria. It involves both line dancing and circle dance. It is commonly performed at weddings and other festivities. The lines usually form from right to left. The Dabkeh and al Samah are also peformed in child’s birth and marriage ceremonies. Food: Core element in parties, weddings, and other festivities. The main dish is the Syrian cuisine. It is rich and varied in its ingredients. It comprises of Kibbeh, fattoish, tabbouleh, hummus, labneh, shanklish, sujuk, baklava, and pastrirma. Manoushi bread is the number one snack food all around Syria. Tea is the ever-present drink and is usually taken with the Manoushi bread in